How does the field of economics contribute to explaining patterns of human consumption and finding solutions to environmental challenges?

i truly dont know the answer wait i do its 1,3,4

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.