The formation of the state of israel: a) took place after the end of world war ii. b) occurred prior to the end of world war ii. c) was opposed by the president of the united states. d) was universally accepted by the nations of the world.

Correct  A) Took place after the end of World War II

Details/context:

Jewish immigration into the Palestine region had been happening since the end of the 19th century and escalated in the early 20th century.  The pressure for Jews to leave Europe escalated when the Nazis came to power in Germany.  Then the Nazis went from persecuting Jews to a plan to annihilate them.  The orders for the "Final Solution" (as they termed it) came in 1941 -- to kill all the Jews.  The Holocaust was a systematic mass slaughter of European Jews and others in Nazi concentration camps.  Adolph Hitler also commanded that all Jews in Russian territories be slaughtered when German troops began their invasion of Russia in 1941.    The world became more sympathetic to the plight of the Jews after the horrors of the Holocaust became known.

After World War II ended, the United Nations (UN) adopted a plan for the partition of Palestine that would create a portion of that territory as the state of Israel.  Arabs in the region and surrounding Arab nations were not in favor of this.  On May 14, 1948, the Jewish leaders in the land proclaimed their independence as a nation, and a war with Arab peoples and nations in the region followed.  Israel won that war and established itself as a nation.  The new state of Israel was granted membership in the UN in 1949.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)

sumerians were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many different gods. so, the best answer is c.