Is an increase in the frequency of a behavior when it results in avoidance of or escape from something.

Negative reinforcement. An example of negative reinforcement could be your loud alarm clock in the morning. When the alarm blares, you are trying to avoid or escape hearing that loud noise early in the morning, so you are likely to increase the "stopping" behavior by shutting off your alarm. Another example is the seatbelt indicator in your car. Whenever you are not buckled up, you hear an annoying BING-BING-BING noise. What stops the noise? You buckling your seatbelt. In this case, the seat belt alarm is a negative reinforcer because you are more likely to buckle up your seatbelt rather than hearing the seatbelt warning alarm.

The answer to that would be prussia which would later be germany