While geography once was primarily about mapmaking, spurred it to expand into many other fields?

I think the answer is technology.
For example, since the development of satellite technology which could observe the world from above in the form of 2-dimensional picture, Geography could be developed into other things such as weather predictions, taking care of space objects, etc.

1.  go out into nature and commune with the divine2.  experience real solitude to truly perceive nature3.  realize that individuals are meant to learn from nature and transcend it4.  think of nature as a symbol of the divine