Apsychological process that is responsible for the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable is referred to as a variable.

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.  

answer; having the power of reprieve means being able to release people from punishment;