Atype of hypothesis used in statistical testing that expresses the absence of a relationship is known as a

Below is a description of a resource that you're considering using for a research paper. as you read the description, keep in mind what you've learned about historical thinking skills and use those skills in evaluating whether or not to use the source.

Mankiw attributes – chapter 1 and his 10 principles – differences in living standards within a countryover time and across countries at a moment in time to: a. the presence or absence of inflation and unemployment.b. the allocation of resources between private markets and the public sector.c. those that have dealt successfully with the efficiency v. equality tradeoff and those that haven’t.d. differences in productivity.e. ones that think at the margin and respond to incentives and those that don’t.

Which of the following statements about imprisonment rates in the united states is true? the united states imprisons people at a higher rate than russia, mexico, or canada. the united states imprisons people at a lower rate than russia or south africa, but higher than israel. the united states imprisons people at a lower rate than russia, mexico, or canada. russia, south africa, and mexico each imprison more people than the united states.