Arat is allowed to explore a maze for several trials. on the last trial he finds a piece of food at the end of the maze. having developed a cognitive map, his speed through the maze increases dramatically. this is an example of

This is latent learning. With this concept, there is often no overt expression of understanding of a task. In addition, reinforcement of the behavior will cause the learned behavior to be exhibited just as quickly as if the reinforcement took place at every trial or task.