The federal government frequently enacts legislative directives that require the states to perform regulatory tasks at their own expense. these laws are often referred to as

The laws are often referred to as unfunded mandates. An unfunded mandate is a law in which actions are required to be made by the state or the government in locals in which they are required to do with no financing involve. 

dude you should crop your image so only the question shows. but   can you explain it better

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

in addition, being covered by the media is important to validate the message and make it relevant in the social agenda, as well as to reach more people who can share interests, appealing to public sympathy for their cause.

in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.