What resources were necessary for villages to and cities?

I would say the following:

1) access to food and water. This means that they should be next to water sources (rivers) and fertile ground

2) construction material: wood and/or stones

I would say that a location on a trade route would also be beneficial (and rivers were trade routes: this explains why so many cities were on rivers!)

The three sociological perspectives include the beginner’s mind, culture shock, and the sociological imagination