Because there are no obvious ways of determining how much opportunity individuals really have, social scientists measure it indirectly by examining

1. in the debate for the student council election, a student candidate quoted explicit lyrics from a popular song. the school suspended him for two days, in line with school policy. 2. a student sued the school over its policy of holding two proms: one for african american students and one for white students. - are these civil or criminal cases? how do you know? - which court has original jurisdiction in the case: state court, federal court, or the u.s. supreme court? -. where will the case go next if it is appealed?