Professional organizations that controlled how their industry operated and protected their members' interests against outsiders were called

they were called guilds.

during the medieval times, guilds were formed by craftsmen and artisans who were self-employed. as an organization, they became stronger in taking control of the goods and materials that are needed in honing their businesses.

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would love branliest

stewards ice box was the purchase of alaska from russia and it was called that because people thought it was not a good idea to purchase alaska

south, because if you took a map you would see texas is directly in the middle of east and west, but it is also downwards towards mexico, therefore it is south