In the beginning of his speech, ryan asked the audience a rhetorical question. at the end of the speech, he provided an answer to the question. which method for creating effective introductions did ryan use?

Ryan used a method called Hypophora. This resource consists of asking a question, with the aims to create interest and inquisitiveness among the audience and, by the end, explaining or giving the answer to that question.  

This resource is not a rhetorical question because the narrator or speaker does provide the answer, in contrast with rhetorical figure where the answer is implicit.  

answer; genetics;

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.