Powers that are not directly related to the writing and passing of legislation are called

Powers that are not directly related to the writing and passing of legislation are called non-legislative powers. For example, the Senate is granted the non-legislative power to confirm or deny all major appointments that are made by the president. Another example is that Congress has the non-legislative power to impeach the president to remove him/her from office.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.