This swiss neo-freudian, worked closely with sigmund freud, but he placed less emphasis on social factors and agreed with freud that the unconscious exerts a powerful influence.

Carl Jung was, early in his career, strongly influenced by Freud but came to disagree with him about how the individual psyche developed. In particular, Jung believed that Freud overemphasized the role of the libido and thought this led Freud's theory to treat as overdetermined the individual's relationship to society. Although the Freudian and Jungian accounts of the unconscious differed greatly, it is their shared emphasis of the unconscious as a primary locus of psychological activity which unites them most closely and sets them apart from earlier thinkers.