Stephanie reports to her physician that she suddenly cannot sleep because she is unable to tune out noises such as the humming of the refrigerator or an occasional car driving down the street. after undergoing an mri, she finds out that she has a tumor in her

- "ethical issues. deception – the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person and were unaware the learner was a confederate of milgram's. however, milgram argued that “illusion is used when necessary in order to set the stage for the revelation of certain difficult-to-get-at-truths.” "

- "milgram's work was conducted in the early 1960s before the current.the studies ignited a debate about the ethical treatment of participants. what appear to be dangerous, if not deadly, electric shocks and the by today's ethical standards, many questions about the research have gone unanswered."

there are conflicting perceptions. what cannot be denied is that despite a long history of discrimination, they finally chose to bow out in grace and handed over power to the majority. it was a painful experience for them to part with their prerogatives and some chose to leave the country. however, they did decide to bite the bullet and go through the process with minimum obstructions.

presently, whites are still a force to reckon with. they are well educated, have technical and business expertise, they understand imperatives of good governance and are responsible for keeping south africa connected with developed countries. despite a bitter history, they are useful team members of the south african team.