The tendency to view the norms and values of one’s culture as absolute and to use them as a standard against which to judge the practices of other cultures is known as: a. value contradictions b. culture shock c. cultural relativism d. ethnocentrism

The correct option is D.
Ethnocentrism is defines as the act of judging other cultures based on one's own culture. Ethnocentric individuals believes that their own cultures are superior to other cultures and they criticized other cultures' language, custom, religion, values, behavior, etc by using their own culture as standard of measurement. This practice usually results in racism and prejudice.

Disagree some people are atheists and some grow up in a religion but atheists is a group of people with certain beliefs just like religions