"a marabout or priest of the law has managed through his intrigues, and under pretense of religion, to drive off siratique-conco, the legitimate sovereign and to make himself king of the country. he has forced all of the nobles of his kingdom to make themselves marabouts like himself. he has forbidden pillages and the taking of any captives at all throughout his country, and finally, by other political (and at heart very humane) means, he has been able to repopulate his vast kingdom, attracting many peoples there, where they find security. he is even becoming quite formidable to all his neighbors, due to his good governance. thus here is a man who gives a lesson in humanity to other civilized peoples [peuples polices] by forbidding in all of his states captivity and oppression.."

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)

answer; affirm trail court findings of fact;