According to vygotsky, children master activities through a. operant conditioning and modeling b. joint activities with more mature members of their society c. interaction with the physical environment d. trial and error

According to Vygotsky's concept of Zone of Proximal Development, children master activities through joint activities with more mature members of their society.

According to Vygotsky, have the skills to perform specific tasks independently but for the task to be accomplished successfully, appropriate guidance and assistance is needed. Interaction with the knowledgeable other or significant adults play a crucial role in the learning of children. 

You can drink laxative, or  do this exercise when you are sitting in the bathroom on the toilet. to relieve  constipation  fast or in about 1 minute, pinch your nose after your usual exhalation. start holding your breath. but do not mouth breath during this just hold your breath.