Individual actions can come into conflict with the collective good of society a. only when direct harm occurs to another specific individual b. because individual actions often have important consequences and costs for society c. whenever the majority agrees that such harm exists d. only when the claim can be tied to a specific provision of the constitution e. only rarely because the collective good of society is nothing more than the summation of the good of all the individual citizens

The answer is "b. because individual actions often have important consequences and costs for society".

Society is a noteworthy factor in what condition people get themselves conceived, raised, and living in. To that degree, society bears a more profound and more ethically responsible obligation than any person inside it in an indistinguishable sense from the misfunctioning PC's condition does. Actions of an individuals that are living in society are very important as they make the society good or bad.

The answer is c) protestant clergy