Someone a short distance away, to whom you have been paying no attention, quietly speaks your name, and suddenly you attend to that person. this is an example of

The correct answer is "The Cocktail Party Phenomenon"

The Cocktail Party Phenomenon refers is the marvel of the cerebrum's capacity to concentrate on a stimuli jolt while sifting through a scope of other stimuli, as when a party-goer can center around a solitary discussion in an uproarious room. When you don't pay attention to anyone, but quietly hear your name, you are more likely to pay attention since you've heard your name being talked about or being called upon.