In a replication of the "bobo doll" study conducted by bandura, ross, and ross (1961), children observe an adult model behave aggressively toward a doll. the children then observe another adult tell the model, "good job! " the model received reinforcement for behaving aggressively.

the correct answer is individualism and exchange. at this stage, children begin to question the rules, because they can see that there is more than one side to them. different individuals have different viewpoints. they won't be able to reach this stage because of ignorance, a lack of ethics or personal biases. that is because people with that characteristiscs are not able to distinguish what is good or what is bad and they can't pursue their individual interests.