Beth is interested in studying the effects of movies on peoples' attitudes toward the mentally ill. she obtains a sample of college students who have never seen one flew over the cuckoo's nest. half of the students watch the movie and half do not, and then she measures their attitudes toward the mentally ill. she is worried that if participants have a loved one who is mentally ill, they may have different attitudes from everyone else. she decides to give a pretest to determine if people have family members with a mental illness to make sure that there are equal numbers of such people in both the experimental and control groups. beth is using

Matched pairs

Explanation:

In this example, Beth is using a matched pairs research design. This is a type of randomized block design. This design is used when an experiment only has two treatment conditions. First, subjects are grouped into pairs, based on some blocking variable (in this case, having a loved one who is mentally ill). Then, within each pair, subjects are randomly assigned to different treatments.

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"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.