Joanne does not go out at night because she hears from her local news station about the large number of muggings and robberies that occur in her city. however, crime in joanne's city has actually gone down in the past few years. joanne falling victim to

The answer is "The availability heuristic".

The availability heuristic alludes to a psychological method that depends on a specific cases while assessing specific point. 
In this specific case, the contrary occasions that occurs toward other individuals when they went out at night impact Joanne choice when she evaluate whether she ought to go out during the night or not. 

Complementary goods. they go together, thats why one price increase and the others demand increases