Abehavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules. common effects include avoidance, aggression, and unpredictable pauses or cessation in responding.

The correct answer is ratio strain. Ratio strain is defined as having the variable ratio to be paused in responding as well as the fixed ratio to respond at times compared pf the reinforcer and it likely results to low reinforcement frequency or large ratio size.

answer; block grants;

answer; the automatic system because it is a "gut reactor"