Ethan is short and thin. although he's not very strong or athletic, he excels in academics and has a great sense of humor. according to adler, ethan's attempts to overcome physical weaknesses by developing strengths in other areas are an example of

The missing word is Compensation. 

Alfred Adler was known to be a medical doctor, a psychotherapist and is also a founder of the of the school of individual psychology.
According to Adler, individual psychology has got to do with this case wherein Ethan develops strength in other areas such as the compensation. In Adler's theory and principle, psychology owns compensation and overcompensation.

Ithink it would be choices a and b. hope this !

Many citizens are in danger of contracting a food-borne illness.more people are living with chronic illnesses.pathogens are becoming stronger and harder to defeat.