Surgical castration of sexual offenders a. is the most common form of treatment in the united states b. uses electric shock to pair arousal with deviant stimuli c. is used in europe and shows low rates of relapse d. works because it makes the man unable to have intercourse

Suppose that sociologists and cultural anthropologists are tying to measure the amount of child abuse for cross cultural comparison. they run into disagreement over whether spanking a child is abuse or discipline. what problem are they encountering in their research? a. reliability of the definition of abuse. b. validity of the definition of abuse. c. occam's razor about the definition of abuse. d. none of these.