Ruby and myron have ended their relationship, and ruby blames herself for the break-up because she views herself as unlikeable and unattractive. she sees herself as lacking in the type of personality and intelligence to keep a boyfriend for a long-term relationship. ruby tells her friends that her life is ruined and she should just leave the university and go home. ruby's attributions for the break-up illustrate

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?