Which historical event convinced american scholars that not all social movements can be explained in terms of the psychological needs of their members?

The Civil Rights Movement convinced scholars that some social movements do not result from a unification of psychological needs but need to be explained by a broader socio-economical perspective. In such an explanation, the needs of the individuals do not have to coincide with the needs of the group as a whole. 

Water(like when there is a hurricane)some foods(not enough for everyone)