Explanation:
1. Olivia es de Argentina.
Olivia is from Argentina.
Es Argentina.
She is Argentinian.
This is an example of nationality in Spanish language that ends with a vowel. Rules:
We will change o in the masculine form to an a.
To make the masculine plural form, we will add an s to the end of masculine singular.
To make the feminine plural, we will add an s to the end of the feminine singular form.
Examples:
Mi abuela ex mexicana.
My grandma is Mexican.
Mi abuelo es mexicano.
My grandpa is Mexican.
2. El profesor es de Alemania.
The professor is from Germany.
Es alemán.
He is German.
We have four forms: masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine plural. To form a feminine singular, we will ad an A to the end of the masculine singular form. And the accent will be removed over the vowel if there is one.
Examples:
El escritor es japonés.
The writer is Japanese.
Female form would be:
La escritora es japonesa.
The writer is Japanese.
El cantante es alemán. ( masculine, singular form )
The singer is german.
La cantante es alemana. ( feminine, singular form )
The singer is german.
3. Carlos y so somos de Canadá.
Carlos and I are from Canada.
Somos canadienses.
We are Canadians.
This is also an example of nationality in Spanish language, that ends in a consonant, but in this case we have a plural.
How we form plural when it comes to nationality:
To make the masculine, plural form, we will add -s to the masculine singular form. We will remove the accent from the vowel if we have one.
It's masculine plural, and it would look like this:
él es canadiense --> canadiense + s = ellos son canadienses
he is Canadian --> they are Canadians
4. La turista es de Costa Rica.
The tourist is from Costa Rica.
Es costarricense.
He is Costa Rican.
Here, we have an example of nationality that ends in E or an accented vowel. This type of nationalities, has only two forms. It is because the masculine and the feminine singular forms of these adjectives are the same.
Rules for making the singular forms of adjectives plural:
For adjectives that end in e or é -- we will add an S to the end of the singular form, to make the plural.
For other adjectives that end in an accented vowel that's other than é --
we will add an - ES to the singular form, in order to make a plural.
Sara es costarricense.
Sara is Costa Rican.
Ellos son costarricenses.
They are Costa Rican.
5. Los ingenieros son de España.
The engineers are from Spain.
Son españoles.
They are Spanish.
This is also an example of nationality in Spanish language that ends with a consonant, in this very example, we have a masculine plural form.
As said earlier, nationalities that end in consonant, have four forms -- masculine and feminine, plural and singular.
For a female singular form, we will add an a to the end of the masculine singular form and we will remove the extra accent over the vowel if we have it.
6. Margaret y Anne son de Inglaterra.
Margaret and Anne are from England.
Son inglesas.
They are English.
This is also an example of nationality ending in with a consonant.
And here are some examples:
Danish -- masc.sing.form - danés - masc.pl.form - daneses - fem.sing.form - danesa - fem.pl.form - danesas
French -- masc.sing.form - francés - masc.pl.form - franceses - fem.sing.form - francesa - fem.pl.form - francesas
Lebanese -- masc.sing.form - libanés - masc.pl.form - libaneses - fem.sing.form - libanesa - fem.pl.form -- libanesas
