What is the uneven breakage of a mineral called?

The uneven breakage of a mineral is called a fracture

Apostrophe and allusion. because an allusion is the way of writing about something, yet not explaining it in vivid detail.

Betray, destroy, and obey do not need to be changed to add the suffix -ed, because the "y" at the end of each word is preceded by a vowel  (so  they would be spelled  "betrayed," "destroyed," and "obeyed").

but hurry is different; it has to  be spelled "hurried" because the "y" at the end of "hurry" is preceded by a consonant.