Why did critics call the new artists fauves or wild beasts?

It is Henri Matisse a French artist in the 20th century who was called fauves or wild beast. Critics called him like that because of the usage of super bright colors, the arrangement of it that disobey and elude nature and way he took forms and made them as his own.

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !