Measurement of physiological arousal in breathing rate, hear rate, and blood pressure (which can mark emotional response) is also used in what modern application?

Emotion is one of the responses of an organism (whole) which involves physiological arousal. Other than indicating emotion, physiological arousal or heightened physiological activity is modernly used in polygraphs. Polygraphs or lie detector notes changes in blood pressure, pulse, respiration while the subject is asked and answers questions. It is based on the assumption that dishonest answers are indicated with physiological arousal.

he forelimbs below belong to four species that descended in a direct line from the ancestral mammal shown above. of the four descendants shown, which species most likely appeared earliest in evolutionary history?

the answer is sex-linked recessive.