The lactose operon, as well as other operons with genes that encode enzymes for the utilization of different carbohydrates, is regulated by the concentration of crp-camp in the cell. one of the consequences is that the cell can have a hierarchy of preferences for the utilization of various carbohydrates. glucose is at the top of the hierarchy, and when glucose is present in sufficient concentration, the level of crp-camp in the cell is low, and none of the other operons are fully induced even if their associated carbohydrate is present. as the glucose is depleted, the level of crp-camp increases, and each operon in turn becomes fully inducible according to its ranking in the hierarchy. the least preferred carbohydrates require the highest concentration of crp-camp to be fully induced. suppose the order of preference for sugars were, from most to least preferred after glucose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose, trehalose, and raffinose. which operon would require the highest level of crp-camp to be fully induced

M! (1). what are the inputs and the outputs for cellular respiration? (2). what is the primary source of energy for cellular respiration?

Match the descriptions / definitions with the term they best describe 1. three dimensional relationship of the different polypeptide chains in a multisubunit protein or protein complex 2. common folding pattern in proteins in which a linear sequence of amino acids folds into a right-handed coil stabilized by internal hydrogen-bonding between polypeptide backbone atoms. 3. the amino acid sequence of a protein 4. a region on the surface of a protein that can interact with another molecule through noncovalent bonding. 5. three-dimensional arrangement of alpha-helices and beta-sheets within a single polypeptide, typically stabilized by a variety of noncovalent bonds, including ionic and hydrogen bonds, and nonpolar interactions / hydrophobic force. 6. the chain of repeating carbon and nitrogen atoms, linked by peptide bonds, in a protein. 7. common structural motif in proteins in which different sections of the polypeptide chain run alongside each other and are joined together by hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. 8. portion of a polypeptide chain that has a discrete tertiary structure of its own and can often fold independently of the rest of the chain 9. regular local folding patterns in a protein, including alpha-helix and beta-sheet a. primary structure b. beta-sheet c. protein d. coiled-coil e. polypeptide backbone f. secondary structure g. side chain h. tertiary structure i. binding site j. alpha-helix k. quaternary structure l. protein domain

Why was mendel's work not accepted at the time? o a. his results were false. o b. he did not repeat his experiments. o c. he did not have any data. o d. his results were surprising,