Darwin's finches are an ancestral mainland finch species that arrived on the galápagos islands and evolved into about 15 new species through adaptive radiation, while the finches on the mainland did not. what is the most plausible biological explanation for this?
options:
a- adaptive radiation happened because of the isolation of the islands.
b- lack of competition on the island allowed for greater utilization of resources by the finches.
c- the environment on the mainland was completely uniform, unlike the galápagos.
d- the founder effect greatly expanded the variation in alleles in the galápagos finch gene pool.

humans, along with other animals and plants, have linear chromosomes that are arranged in pairs within the nucleus of the cell. the only human cells that do not contain pairs of chromosomes are reproductive cells, or gametes, which carry just one copy of each chromosome.

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.

condenser is used to focus in the light microscope.