Many normal genes that have important functions in promoting cell growth and division sometimes acquire mutations that cause the products of these genes to have negative effects including the development of cancer. these genes (when not mutated) are called:

Proto oncogenes.

Explanation:

Proto oncogenes may be defined as the genes that play an important role in the cell functioning and its growth. The proto-oncgenes require enzymes and proteins that are normal for the other cells.

The main function of the proto oncogene is cell division. Any mutation or change in the proto oncogene results in the formation of oncogenes. These oncogenes are responsible for the formation of the cancer development in the individual.

Thus, the answer is proto oncogenes.

the correct answer is: b. pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction.  

because involves two organisms (parents) whose genetic material combines, sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation in new generations of offspring. the offspring is an unique organism, with new genome, more protected with the higher ability to adapted. this process is fundamental to evolution.