Discuss the law of segregation and explain why each organism has two copies of gene for each trait expressed

The explanation is provided in the explanation section

Explanation:

Gregor Mendel, who was referred to as the FATHER OF GENETICS discovered the principles that governs heredity in his several experiments. He observed that, for a particular trait, an organism receives two copies of a gene called ALLELE. This two copies are contributed by each parent in gametes during reproduction. An allele is a contrasting form of a gene, that is responsible for a particular trait of that gene.

For example, the height gene possesses two alleles T and t, which is responsible for a tall and short trait respectively. In an organism, two copies od this height gene will be present either same or different depending on which allele is contributed by each parent. This explains why a diploid organism possesses two alleles for a specific gene.

One of the principles of heredity discovered by Mendel is the LAW OF SEGREGATION, which states that the alleles of a gene will separate into gamete during gamete formation (meiosis). Mendel stated that only one form of a gene (allele) will be found in each gamete. For example, in an organism with Tt genotype, the gametes produced by this organism will either contain T or t allele.

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