Biologists measure the total current due to potassium ions moving through a cell membrane of a rock crab neuron cell as 32 nA. How many ions pass through the membrane each second?

According to theories of how life began, how did early organic molecules begin to separate from the outside world? a: specialized enzymes were required b: chains of amino acids created a barrier c: formation of microspheres or vesicles d: rna catalyzed the formation of membranes

Label the steps for protein synthesis in order, beginning with the first steponce the protein is made, the gene for a particular trait is expressedmrna joins the ribosome, and the anticodons from trna join mrna to form a chain ofamino acidsrna polymerase unzips dna and free rna nucleotides join dna to form mrnav a chain of amino acids is formed from peptide bonds, creating a proteinmrna is transported from the nucleus of the cell to the ribosomes of the cell.

What tool do geneticists use to predict the outcome of genetic crosses? a.karyotype b.punnett square c.centrifuge