How do atp and nadph connect light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?

atp and nadph are produced in both reactions.

atp and nadph are used in both reactions.

atp and nadph are produced in the light-dependent reactions and used in the light-independent reactions.

atp and nadph are produced in the light-independent reactions and used in the light-dependent reactions.

The correct answer is -

ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-dependent reactions and used in the light-independent reactions.

Explanation:

Light dependent and light independent phase are the two different phases of photosynthesis (formation of food in green plants and algae).

During the first phase (light independent phase) , energy from sunlight is captured in presence of CO2 (carbon dioxide) and water and it is transformed into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Energy from these products is further used in the light independent phase for the formation of food ( glucose).

Thus, third option is the right answer.

a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]