Joe has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. He interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. This explanatory style creates a hopeless, depressed state, which then hampers the way he thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Joe's depression is thus, at least in part, due to: state-dependent memory.
rumination.
a biochemical imbalance.
indicators of depression.

Vicious cycle, state dependent memory rumination.

Explanation:

It is state dependent memory rumination and it is due to vicious circle because vicious circle refers to a situation or events that lead to difficulties or problem and the difficulties also lead to another difficulties and these continue on and on or it continue to repeat itself. Joe's negative disorder create the problem of negative stressful interpretation, which then lead to more depressive state and affect the way he think and acts.

It is state dependent memory rumination because Joe interpret negative stressful events based on how his mindset ruminate and process information.

9.9 years

a = p(1 + rt) . . account balance after time t at rate r starting with principal p

3000 = 2500(1 + 0.0202t) . . filling in the given numbers

1.2 = 1 + 0.0202t . . divide by 2500

0.2 = 0.0202t . . . subtract 1

0.2/0.0202 = t ≈ 9.901

it will take about 9.9 years for the account balance to reach $3000.