1. Explain how you would use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to predict a population’s genotypes when given the observed ratio of phenotypes. Example: A population of tree frogs has 75% red eyes and 25% yellow eyes. If the allele for red eyes (R) is completely dominant over the allele for yellow eyes (r), estimate the frequency of each genotype in the population.

2.How can scientists determine a timeline for the divergence of species? Describe how the process works.

1.To know if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium scientists have to observe at least two generations. If the allele frequencies are the same for both generations then the population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Example 1b: Recall: the previous generation had allele frequencies of ���� = 0.6 and ���� = 0.4.

2.Running through the fossil record makes it clear that life has changed over time. ... By carefully studying fossils, scientists have been able to link many extinct species with ones that survive today, sometimes indicating that one descended from another.

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg