Two monosaccharides can combine to create . A covalent bond that forms between two monosaccharides is called a bond.
The most common disaccharide is (table sugar).
Identify the monosaccharide monomers in each molecule from.
A long chain of monosaccharides is called a
Starch is made from a mixture of and
What is the animal equivalent of starch? What carbohydrate is found in insect exoskeletons?
Where is cellulose found?


Lipids
. What does nonpolar mean?
23. What are two functions of lipids?
24. What are the two main components of a fat molecule?
25. Saturated fats contain only [ single / double ] bonds.
26. Which type of fat is liquid at room temperature?
27. Where are phospholipids found?
28. Why is it called an “amphipathic” molecule?
29. Label the phospholipid:

30. Why are steroids grouped with other lipids?
31. What are two examples of steroids?
Proteins
32. Enzymes are for biochemical reactions.
33.What does amylase do?
34. Identify the protein by its function:
transport substances in the blood
construction of the cytoskeleton
protects body from foreign pathogens
muscle contraction

35. What monomers make up proteins?
36. What bond connects amino acids?
37. How many amino acids are there?
38. What are the four levels of protein structure?
39.What is denaturation?
40. What can cause it?

Nucleic Acids
41. DNA and RNA are made of what monomers?
42. What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
43. What are the elements found in nucleic acids?
44. What are the 3 polymers for nucleic acids.
45. What are the 2 main functions for nucleic acids.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

c. live where it’s cold and icy

those characteristics are cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, response to stimuli, growth and development, and adaptation through evolution. some things, such as a virus, demonstrate only a few of these characteristics and are, therefore, not alive