What do the ecosystems of a puddle, lake, river, jungle, mountain-top grassland, and deep-sea vent have in common?

a. they are defined by their abiotic factors only.

b. they are defined by their biotic factors and abiotic factors.

c. energy never leaves the system once it enters.

d. they are defined by their biotic factors only.

complete the square on the right side of the equation;

-5(x + 0)^2 + 15

answer: d. y = -x^2 + 15

hi, natural selection of the peppered moth during the industrial revolution in 19th-century england is an example of an outlier in the study of evolution. during this time, pollution from factories filled the forests, coating trees in a layer of soot—turning white trees black

mark as brainlest

gokuson