Which of the following is not a negative consequence of upward urban growth?
a.
pollution
b.
creation of a “heat island”
c.
increased use of surrounding land
d.
waste management issues

Define the apical impulse and describe its normal location, size, and duration. which abnormal conditions may affect the location of the apical impulse? explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. describe the effect of respiration on the heart sounds. describe the characteristics of the first heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base. describe the characteristics of the second heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base.