Which of earth's layers is formed by volcanic activity?

a. mantle

b. inner core

c. outer core

d. crust

D. Crust

An volcanic eruption is a natural expulsion of gases, hot lava, dust and rocks from the undersurface of earth. The released lava gets cool and solidifies into a layers of crust. A volcanic eruption is the earth's way of renewing itself. A volcano can be active, dormant or in extinct state. An active volcano involves an erupting lava, gas and shows seismic activity. A dormant volcano is the one that has not erupted for quite a long time but can erupt in future. A extinct volcano is the one that has been dormant or static for long time and has not shown any sign of activity.

micro/nanoscale topography surface exhibits many prominent properties and is extensively employed in biomedical device, microfluidic device and energy device fabrication. additionally, the clinical applications of biomaterials can be largely expanded with of nanostructured surfaces.