Pretend that you are writing a scientific paper and wish to cite the Harbor Seals article. Write the citation in two ways: a. as it would appear in the discussion section of your paper
b. as it would appear in the bibliography or reference section of your paper

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.

answer; the male's sperm cells have mitochondria, but because the sperm contributes dna but no cytoplasm, no mitochondria are passed to the egg at ferilization;