List four similarities and differences between alimentary canal of birds and mammals.

Differences between the alimentary canal of.a bird and a mammal

The alimentary canal is a long tube-like organ that starts at the beak and ends with the vent or cloaca in the abdominal region.

1.

BIRD - Presence of tongue in mouth

GRASSHOPPER - Tongue is absent

2.

BIRD - Mouth is modified into beak

GRASSHOPPER - Mouth is modified into mandible and maxillae for chewing and grinding

3.

BIRD - Presence of pancreas and duodernum

GRASSHOPPER - Absence of duodernum and pancreas

4.

BIRD - Has long alimentary canal

GRASSHOPPER - Relatively short alimentary canal

5.

BIRD - Hind gut ends in cloaca

GRASSHOPPER - Hindgut ends in anus distinct from the reproductive tract.

The similarities include the following:

the answer for this question would be d. glaciers

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.