Which of these organic molecules would provide the greatest amount of energy per gram of the substance

Lipids would be the answer that you are looking for. When talking food energy it's best to speak in terms of calories. Therefore, lipids or fats offer the greatest amount of heat or energy.

That is true! many fish species traveled to the u.s. because of it.

Characteristic expected of mineral from lava at earth's surface

phaneritic textures in which phaner means visible so phaneritic textures are standard of impertinent volcanic rocks. these rocks crystallized gradually under the surface of earth. when the magma cools deliberately then the ores have chance to develop and produce long crystals.