1. determine the genotype of each parent plant and write them below. use w to indicate the allele for white flowers and w to indicate the allele for red flowers.

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• genotype of homozygous parent plant with white flowers:
• genotype of homozygous parent plant with red flowers:

2. next, think about the gametes each parent plant will produce. list the alleles in each gamete.

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parent plant with white flowers:
• gamete 1:
• gamete 2:
• gamete 3:
• gamete 4:
parent plant with red flowers:
• gamete 1:
• gamete 2:
• gamete 3:
• gamete 4:

3. the two parent plants are the p generation, or parent generation. create a punnett square to show their offspring, the f1 generation.

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part 1 punnett square

4. what pattern do you notice in the genotypes of the f1 generation snapdragons?

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5. what are the phenotypes of the f1 generation snapdragons?

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part 2: incomplete dominance—predicting flower color in f2 generation snapdragons
now, set up a cross of the offspring of the f1 generation and predict the traits of the f2 generation.

1. what are the genotypes of the f1 parent plants? .

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• genotype of f1 parent plant 1:
• genotype of f1 parent plant 2:

2. next, think about the gametes each parent plant will produce. list the alleles in each gamete.

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f1 parent plant 1:
• gamete 1:
• gamete 2:
• gamete 3:
• gamete 4:
f1 parent plant 2:
• gamete 1:
• gamete 2:
• gamete 3:
• gamete 4:

3. create a punnett square showing a cross between the two f1 parent plants. their offspring are the f2 generation.

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part 2 punnett square

4. what are the genotypes of the f2 generation?

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5. what are the phenotypes of the offspring from this cross?

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6. calculate the percentages of the phenotypes of the f2 generation.

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part 3: multiple alleles—predicting blood types of offspring
as you read in the online lab, human blood type is determined by multiple alleles that show a type of inheritance called codominance. recall that the alleles that determine blood type are , , and i. and are both dominant over i, while neither nor is dominant when they combine. use this table to you determine the genotypes associated with each blood type.
blood type allele possible genotype(s) possible allele(s)
a
aa or ao

b
bb or bo

ab
ab

o i oo ii

1. imagine that you are studying two parents who are considering having children. one parent is has the genotype and the other has the genotype . create a punnett square to calculate the possible genotypes of their children.

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part 3 punnett square

2. look at the table at the beginning of part 3. what are the possible phenotypes (blood types) of the children?

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part 4: sex-linked inheritance—predicting color blindness in offspring
recall that females have two x chromosomes: one from the mother and one from the father. males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome; the x chromosome comes from the mother, and the y chromosome comes from the father. traits associated with genes located on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked traits.
individuals with the sex-linked condition called red-green color blindness do not perceive the colors red and green. red-green color blindness is caused by the recessive allele b and is carried on the x chromosome. the dominant allele for normal color vision is b. when an x chromosome contains the dominant allele, the allele is written as . when an x chromosome contains the recessive allele, the allele is written as .

1. what is the genotype of a male with red-green color blindness?

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2. what is the genotype of a female who is not color-blind but is a carrier of red-green color blindness?

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3. even though red-green color blindness is a recessive trait, can a female have red-green color blindness? explain.

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4. a man who is color-blind marries a woman who is not color-blind and is not a carrier of the allele for color blindness. create a punnett square to predict the possible genotypes of their children.

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part 4 punnett square

5. will all of the female children be carriers of the color-blind allele, or will none be carriers?

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6. will all of the male children be color-blind, or will none be color-blind? explain.

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