Large, highly-rated firms sometimes sell commercial paper: to borrow funds at a lower rate than through a bank. to borrow funds when they cannot obtain a loan from a bank. because they can't borrow anywhere else. to improve their credit rating.

Fanning company is considering the addition of a new product to its cosmetics line. the company has three distinctly different options: a skin cream, a bath oil, or a hair coloring gel. relevant information and budgeted annual income statements for each of the products follow. skin cream bath oil color gel budgeted sales in units (a) 110,000 190,000 70,000 expected sales price (b) $8 $4 $11 variable costs per unit (c) $2 $2 $7 income statements sales revenue (a × b) $880,000 $760,000 $770,000 variable costs (a × c) (220,000) (380,000) (490,000) contribution margin 660,000 380,000 280,000 fixed costs (432,000) (240,000) (76,000) net income $228,000 $140,000 $204,000 required: (a) determine the margin of safety as a percentage for each product. (b) prepare revised income statements for each product, assuming a 20 percent increase in the budgeted sales volume. (c) for each product, determine the percentage change in net income that results from the 20 percent increase in sales. (d) assuming that management is pessimistic and risk averse, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line? (e) assuming that management is optimistic and risk aggressive, which product should the company add to its cosmetics line?

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Levine inc., which produces a single product, has prepared the following standard cost sheet for one unit of the product. direct materials (9 pounds at $1.80 per pound) $16.20 direct labor (6 hours at $14.00 per hour) $84.00 during the month of april, the company manufactures 270 units and incurs the following actual costs. direct materials purchased and used (2,500 pounds) $5,000 direct labor (1,660 hours) $22,908 compute the total, price, and quantity variances for materials and labor.