Rahls issues stock to investors for $20,000, and has $5,000 of net income in its first year of operations. during year 2, rahls earns $10,000 in net income and pays a dividend to stockholders of $4,000. what is the balance in stockholders' equity at the end of year 2?

Baldwin has negotiated a new labor contract for the next round that will affect the cost for their product bold. labor costs will go from $7.91 to $8.41 per unit. in addition, their material costs have fallen from $13.66 to $12.66. assume all period costs as reported on baldwin's income statement remain the same. if baldwin were to pass on half the new costs of labor and half the savings in materials to customers by adjusting the price of their product, how many units of product bold would need to be sold next round to break even on the product?

Panera bread is a chain of cafes serving sandwiches, soups, and freshly baked breads. the company began in 1981 with stores primarily located along the east coast of the united states. since then, the firm has expanded to over 1,300 locations throughout the united states and canada. the firm has strong earnings and has been designated by business week as a "significant growth company." panera bread executives are considering the idea of expanding globally by opening cafes in asia through a franchising strategy. which of the following, if true, supports the argument that panera bread should expand into asia through franchising? a: the panera bread menu changes rapidly, and each cafe's artisan bread bakers receive regular training on new recipes. b: panera bread executives want fast access to the asian market without a significant investment of capital. c: panera bread executives want to test the asian market with a short-term commitment that allows them to make quick profits. d: the panera bread mission is to make excellent bread available to customers around the world.

What do economists mean when they use the latin expression ceteris paribus?